Deep Space Exploration Society (DSES) is a non-profit research and development organization which provides all of its work to the general public under the principles of open source.
Open Source Software
Open source means that the source code of a program or project is publicly available for anyone to view, use, modify, and share — usually under a specific license.
Here’s a breakdown:
- “Source” refers to the source code — the human-readable instructions that make up a program.
- “Open” means it’s freely accessible and not kept secret or proprietary.
Key Characteristics
- Free Access: Anyone can see how the software works.
- Modifiable: Users can change or improve the code to fit their needs.
- Redistributable: The modified or original versions can be shared, depending on the license.
- Community Collaboration: Many open-source projects are developed collectively by communities around the world.
Examples
- Linux (operating system)
- Firefox (web browser)
- Python (programming language)
- Blender (3D graphics software)
Open Source Hardware
Open source hardware (OSH) applies the same principles to physical devices.
It means the designs, schematics, blueprints, PCB layouts, and firmware are openly published so others can study, modify, build, and improve the hardware.
Key characteristics:
- Design transparency: CAD files, circuit diagrams, and bill of materials are available.
- Freedom to replicate or adapt the design.
- Community collaboration, enabling innovation through shared improvements.
Examples include Arduino boards, RepRap 3D printers, and the Open Compute Project by Meta (Facebook).
Licenses like CERN Open Hardware License (OHL) or TAPR Open Hardware License define how designs can be shared and modified.
Does Open Source Mean Easy to Copy?
“Open source” means the designs or code are publicly available and legally allowed to be copied or modified, but it does not automatically mean they’re easy to copy or reproduce. Here’s why:
1. Legal vs. Practical
- Legally:
Open source allows copying and modification — that’s part of the license (like GPL or CERN OHL). You don’t have to ask permission as long as you follow the license terms (for example, giving credit or sharing your changes). - Practically:
Copying or rebuilding something open source can still be technically difficult.- For software, you might need to compile complex code or install dependencies.
- For hardware, you might need specialized tools, manufacturing skills, or hard-to-get parts.
2. “Open” Doesn’t Mean “Simple”
Many open source projects are complex — for example:
- The Linux kernel is open source, but copying and running your own version requires deep technical knowledge.
- Open source hardware like an Arduino board is easy to reproduce in theory, but mass-producing one that works reliably requires experience and equipment.
3. The Goal Is Freedom, Not Convenience
Open source is mainly about freedom — the right to learn, modify, and share — not necessarily about making duplication effortless.
In short:
Open source makes something legal to copy, but not always easy to copy.
Open-Source Licenses
Among the most commonly used open source licenses for software are these.
- MIT License: Very permissive — allows reuse with minimal conditions. This is the license that DSES recommends.
- GNU GPL: Requires that derivative works also remain open source.
- Apache License: Permissive with protections for patent rights.
The most appropriate open source license for hardware is this.
- CERN Open Hardware License Version 2 – Permissive
DSES provides all of its work to the general public under the principles of Open Source. DSES accepts open source licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition – in brief, they allow software to be freely used, modified, and shared. For details on the above licenses and a long list of acceptable licenses, see the Open Source Licenses.